Improvement in magneto-electric machines



'UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ZNOBE T. GRAMME, OF PARlS, FRANCE.

IMPROVEMENT IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINES.

Spccilication forming part of Letters Patent No. 218,520, dated August 12, 187 application tiled April 17, 1878.

To all whom it 'may concern:

3e it known that I, ZNoBnTiioPi-HLE GRAMME, ot' Paris, in the French Republic, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Magneto-Electric Machines, ot' which the following is a t'ull, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a vertical section along line a,- y in Fig. 2, and Fig. 2 partly an elevation and partly a transverse sectional view ot' the machine.

A patent has heretofore been granted to me jointly with E. L. C. Dlvernois, dated October 17, 187], No. 120,057, i'or a magneto-electric machine, in which a ring wound with a continuous strand ot' wire is combined with one or more electro or permanent magnets. The machine was especially adapted and intended lt'or the production ot' continuous currents, although by means ot' modifications described in said patent currents of alternatelyopposite polarity could be produced, the currents generated heilig' taken ot't'in all cases by the aid ot brushes or other conductors.

The new machine which constitutes the present invention is adapted to and possesses great advantages iu the generation of electric currents of alternately-opposite polarity, which can be carried ot't' without the aid of a commutator, brushes, or similar conductors.

It consists, substantially, ot' a ring ot' soft iron encircled or wound with copper wire,which latter is divided into anumber of sections, and an electro -magnet with a number of single poles, rotating on an axis passing through the center ot' the ring.

The poles are alternatelyT north and south poles,and consequently as they pass in succession each section of the surrounding coil they produce in that section currents ot opposite polarity-that is, when a north pole is passing a positive current tlows in one direction, and when a south pole is passing a positive current iiows in a direction opposi te thereto. Both north and south poles therefore should not act on the same section at the same time, and consequently the number ot sections will be the same in number as the poles or a multiple of such number.

As the wire is wound in all the sections in the same direction, it is evident that the positive currents in contiguous sections, when their number is the same as that ot the poles, iiow in opposite directions. 'lhe several sections under the same condition, therefore, in orderthat the positive currents simultaneously generated in them during any one port-ion otl the revolution ot magnets may be carried through the electric light or other circuit in the same direction, are connected with one end of said circuit alternately at their opposite ends; or those sections which at any one time are opposite similar poles may be coupled together, thus forming two series, which may be connected with the circuit, as described for alternate sections; or each section may be connected with the one next to it on both sides at corresponding ends, so that a current in following the course oi' the wire will, in one section, move in the same direction as the magnets revolve, and in the next one in a direction opposite thereto, and so alternately; and when all the sections are coupled, then the wire is connected with the circuit.

By the different arrangements alternate currents are produced in all the cases, but the currents are dii''erent in the tension and quantity.

When the number ot` sections is a multiple of, say, four times the number ot' poles, it is evident that each section may be connected independently with the circuit, or the first, second, third, or fourth of cach series of t'onr may be coupled with the iirst, second, third, or fourth, respectively, ot the other series ot' tour, in the manner indicated with reference to each section when the number oi sections and poles is the same, and the four circuits of tension thus formed may be connected in the same light or other circuit or in different circuits.

In dividing the coil about the iron ring into sections it may not be necessary in all cases to sever it, but the wire for conducting oii0 the alternate currents may be connected with said wire at the proper points to form the section 5 but in some cases, as when a number a multiple of the number of poles is used, the sections are completely severed.

In coupling the various sections with each other, or connecting them with the light circuit,nobrushes or other current-collectors need beus'ed; but the wiresare connected di-V rectly by binding screws or other suitable means. A* y In the drawings, E E E represent a series of' electro-magnets arranged radiallylaround and rigidly connected with a central shaft, A, to which rotary movement is imparted by means of' a pulley, P. These electro-magnets are separated by'equal arcs. Theyare excited by means of an electric current from any suitable source, as a battery or magneto-electric machine. A y

B is a fixed ring of soft or malleable iron, covered with copper wire wound around it spirally. y v w' f -A' frame composed of two plates, C C, and a base, D,rigidlyconnected by means of braces or stays F F, receives and supports the fixed ring and the bearings of the shaft before re ferred to.

The core of' the fixed ring B, instead of' being made of a single piece, is or may be comi i i It is evident that while the machine prov-,1nk duces alternate currents, these currents of al-j, 'ternately-opposite polarity might, by a comwith a revolving shaft, and excited by means of electric currents of' any kind, of a fixed soft I ring surrounded with spirally-wound copper Wire, divided into a suitable number ofsections, and arrangedin relation to the shaft which carries the electro-magnets. so that the latter shall revolve Within the interior of said ring, substantially as herein shown and lset forth.

2. The combination, with a series of' singlef' All.

pole electro-magnets revolving with a central axis, radially attached thereto and separated i i by equal arcs, of a fixed metallic ring wound with conductig-wireand divided into sections,

posed of iron wire, surrounded by cotton,silk, or other insulating substance.

A As before stated, the covering copper Wire may be divided into any given number of` sections, and the alternating currents which can be utilized) are taken upon the fixedring without the aid of a commutator, so that a series of independent currents can be produced at will, or one single current of'. great intensity, according to the connection of' the sections made upon the fixed ring. These currents, being alternating, can be employed for the pro-4 duction of electric light, for tanning, and for wound in opposite directions by making the proper connections.

which may be independentorcoupled together, L as described, the number of said sections` corl responding with or being a multiple of the number of aforesaid electro-magnets, substantially as set forth, whereby corresponding sec- ,i tions ofthe ring are simultaneously and equally affected by the corresponding electro-magnets,f

and the currents of alternating opposite polarity generated in said sections may be carried off Without the aid of a commutator, as

specified. l

In testimony whereof I have signed mynamei;

to this specification before two subscribingi" witnesses. v

Z. T. GRAMME.

Witnesses EMILE BARRAULT, AUG. VINCK. 

